I. THE SINE WAVE AND STABILITY

1.1 Common Methods of Measuring Frequency Stability
A. Beat frequency method
B. Dual mixer time difference (DMTD) system
C. Loose phase lock loop method
D. Tight phase lock loop method
E. Time difference method

II. MEASUREMENT METHODS COMPARISON

III. CHARACTERIZATION
3.1 Non-random Fluctuations
3.2 Random Fluctuations

IV. ANALYSIS OF TIME DOMAIN DATA

V. CONFIDENCE OF THE ESTIMATE AND OVERLAPPING SAMPLES

VI. MAXIMAL USE OF THE DATA AND DETERMINATION OF THE DEGREES OF FREEDOM.
6.1 Use of Data
6.2 Determining the Degrees of Freedom

VII. EXAMPLE OF TIME-DOMAIN SIGNAL PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS

VIII. SPECTRUM ANALYSIS
8.1 The Loose Phase-Locked Loop
8.2 Equipment for Frequency Domain Stability Measurements
8.3 Procedure and Example

IX. POWER-LAW NOISE PROCESSES

X. PITFALLS IN DIGITIZING THE DATA
10.1 Discrete-Continuous Processes
10.2 Digitizing the Data
10.3 Aliasing
10.4 Some History of Spectrum Analysis Leading to the Fast Fourier Transform
10.5 Leakage

XI. TRANSLATION FROM FREQUENCY DOMAIN STABILITY MEASUREMENT TO TIME DOMAIN STABILITY MEASUREMENT AND VICE-VERSA.
11.1 Procedure

XII. CAUSES OF NOISE PROPERTIES IN A SIGNAL SOURCE
12.1 Power-law Noise Processes
12.2 Other types of noise

XIII. CONCLUSION