2009

R. Jimenez, W.C. Griffith, Y. Wang, S. Knappe, J. Kitching, K. Smith, and M. Prouty, Sensitivity Comparison of Mx and Frequency Modulated Bell-Bloom Cs Magnetometers in a Micro-Fabricated Cell, accepted.  

M.P. Ledbetter, C.W. Crawford, A. Pines, D.E. Wemmer, S. Knappe. J. Kitching, and D. Budker, Optical detection of scalar coupling at zero magnetic field, J. Mag. Res., accepted. 
E. A. Donley, J. L. Long, T. C. Liebisch, E. R. Hodby, T. A. Fisher, and J. Kitching, Nuclear Quadrupole Resonances in Compact Vapor Cells: The Crossover from the NMR to the NQR Interaction Regimes, Phys. Rev. A 79, 013420 (2009)

K. Watabe, T. Ikegami, A. Takamizawa, S. Yanagimachi, S. Ohshima and S. Knappe, High-contrast Dark Resonance in Bichromatic Linearly Polarized Optical Field on Cs D1 Line, Appl. Opt. 48, 1098-1103 (2009).

W.C. Griffith, R. Jimenez, S. Knappe, and J. Kitching, V. Shah, Miniature atomic magnetometer integrated with flux concentrators, Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 023502 (2009).

D.M. Rampulla, N. Oncel, E. Abelev, Y. Yi, S. Knappe, and S. Bernasek, Effects of Organic Film Morphology on the Formation of Rb Clusters on Surface Coatings used in Alkali Metal Atom Magnetometer Cells, Appl. Phys. Lett 94, 041116 (2009).

2008

Y.W. Yi, H.G. Robinson, S. Knappe, J. Maclennan, C.D. Jones, C. Zhu, N.A. Clark, and J. Kitching, Method for characterizing self-assembled monolayers as antirelaxation wall coatings for alkali vapor cells, J. Appl. Phys., 104 (2008).

E.J. Eklund, A.M. Shkel, S. Knappe, E.A. Donley, and J. Kitching, Glass-blown spherical microcells for chip-scale atomic devices, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 143, 175-180 (2008).

M.P. Ledbetter, I.M. Savukov, D. Budker, V. Shah, S. Knappe, J. Kitching, D. Michalak, S. Xu, and A. Pines, Zero-field remote detection of NMR with a microfabricated atomic magnetometer, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 105, 2286-2290 (2008).

2007

P.D. Schwindt, B. Lindseth, S. Knappe, V. Shah, J. Kitching, and L. Liew, A chip-scale atomic magnetometer with improved sensitivity using the Mx technique, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 081102 (2007).

S. Knappe, H.G. Robinson, L. Hollberg, Microfabricated Saturated Absorption Spectroscopy, Opt. Expr. 15, 6293-9 (2007).

S. Knappe, Emerging Topics: MEMS atomic clocks, in Y. Gianchandani, O. Tabata, and H. Zappe, (eds.) Comprehensive Microsystems, 2007, Elsevier, Netherlands.

V. Shah, S. Knappe, L. Hollberg, J. Kitching, High contrast coherent population trapping resonances using four-wave mixing in 87Rb, Opt. Lett., 32, 1244-6 (2007).

V. Gerginov, V. Shah, S. Knappe, L. Hollberg, J. Kitching, Laser noise cancellation in single-cell CPT clocks, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 57, 1357-1361 (2007).

V. Shah, S. Knappe, P.D. Schwindt, L. Hollberg, and J. Kitching, Subpicotesla atomic magnetometry with a microfabricated vapor cell, Nature Photonics 1, 649-652 (2007).

J. Kitching, Time for a Better Receiver: Chip-Scale Atomic Frequency References, GPS World 18, 52-57 (2007)

E.A. Donley, E. Hodby, L. Hollberg, and J. Kitching, Demonstration of high-performance compact magnetic shields for chip-scale atomic devices, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78, 083102 (2007)

E. Hodby, E.A. Donley, and J. Kitching, Differential atomic magnetometry based on a diverging laser beam, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 011109 (2007)
  
2006

V. Gerginov, S. Knappe, P. Schwindt, V. Shah, L.W. Hollberg and J. Kitching, Long-term frequency instability of CPT clocks with microfabricated vapor cells, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 23, 593-597 (2006).

M. Rosenbluh, V. Shah, S. Knappe, and J. Kitching, Differential Coherent Population Trapping Resonances Excited by Orthogonally Polarized Laser Fields, Opt. Expr. 14, 6588-6594 (2006).

V. Shah, S. Knappe, P. Schwindt, V. Gerginov, and J. Kitching, Compact phase delay technique for increasing the amplitude of coherent population trapping resonances in open Lambda systems, Opt. Lett. 31, 2335-2337 (2006).

S. Knappe, P. Schwindt, V. Gerginov, V. Shah, H.G. Robinson, L. Hollberg, L. Liew and J. Moreland, Microfabricated atomic clocks and magnetometers, J. Opt. A, Special Issue: Optical MEMS, S318-S322 (2006).

V. Gerginov, V. Shah, S. Knappe, L.W. Hollberg and J. Kitching, Atom-based stabilization for laser-pumped atomic clocks, Opt. Lett. 31, 1851-1853 (2006).

Y. Wang, M. Eardley, S. Knappe, J.M. Moreland, L. Hollberg, and J. Kitching, Magnetic resonance in atomic vapor excited by a mechanical resonators, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 227602 (2006).

V. Shah, V. Gerginov, P.D. Schwindt, S. Knappe, L. Hollberg, and J. Kitching, Continuous Light Shift Correction in Modulated CPT Clocks, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 151124 (2006).

2005

S. Knappe, P. D. D. Schwindt, V. Shah, L. Hollberg, J. Kitching, L. Liew, J. Moreland, A chip-scale atomic clock based on 87Rb with improved frequency stability, Opt. Express 14, 1249-1253 (2005).

S. Knappe, V. Gerginov, P. Schwindt, V. Shah, L. Hollberg and J. Kitching, Atomic vapor cells for chip-scale atomic clocks with improved long-term frequency stability, Opt. Lett. 30, 2351-2354 (2005).

J. Kitching, S. Knappe, L. Liew, J. Moreland, P. Schwindt, V. Shah, V. Gerginov, L. Hollberg, Microfabricated Atomic Clocks, Metrologia, vol. 42 (3), June 2005

P. D. D. Schwindt, L. Hollberg, and J. Kitching, "Self-oscillating Rb magnetometer using non-linear magneto-optic rotation," Rev. Sci. Instrum., 76, 126103, 2005.

J. Kitching, "An atomic clock on a microchip," The Horological Journal, 147, 54, 2005.

D. Budker, L. Hollberg, D.F. Kimball, J. Kitching, S. Pustelny, and V.V. Yashchuk, "Microwave transitions and nonlinear magneto-optical rotation in anti-relaxation-coated cells," Phys. Rev. A, 71, 012903, 2005.
2004

S. Knappe, L. Hollberg, J. Kitching, Dark Line Resonances in Sub-Millimeter Structures, Opt. Lett. 29, 388-390 (2004). 

L.-A. Liew, S. Knappe, J. Moreland, H. Robinson, L. Hollberg, J. Kitching, Microfabricated Alkali Atom Vapor Cells, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 2694-2696 (2004).

S. Knappe, V. Shah, P. Schwindt, L. Hollberg, J. Kitching, L.-A. Liew, J. Moreland, A Microfabricated Atomic Clock,  Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 1460-1462 (2004).

P. D. D. Schwindt, S. Knappe, V. Shah, L. Hollberg, J. Kitching, L.-A. Liew, J. Moreland, A Chip-Scale Atomic Magnetometer ,Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 6409-6411 (2004).

S. Kargapoltsev, J. Kitching, L. Hollberg, A.V. Taichenachev, V.L. Velichanski, and V.I. Yudin, "High-contrast dark resonances in sigma(_+) -sigma(__) optical field," Laser Phys. Lett., 1, 495, 2004.



Conference Proceedings

2008

J. Kitching, S. Knappe, E.A. Donley, Y.J. Wang, E. Hodby, W.C. Griffith, A. Geraci, J. Preusser, T.C. Liebisch, H.G. Robinson, L. Hollberg, P.D. Schwindt, V. Gerginov, B. Lindseth, M. Eardley, R. Jimenez, and V. Shah, Chip-scale atomic devices: precision atomic instruments based on MEMS, Proc. 2008 7th Symposium on Frequency Standards and Metrology. 

M.A. Perez, U. Nguyen, S. Knappe, E. Donley, J. Kitching, A.M. Shkel, Rubidium Vapor Cell with Integrated Nonmetallic Multilayer Reflectors, Proc. IEEE MEMS 2008, pp. 790-793, Tucson, AZ, USA, January 13-17, 2008.

J. Preusser, V. Gerginov, S. Knappe, and J. Kitching, A microfabricated photonic magnetometer, Proc. 2008 IEEE Sensors.

W.C. Griffith, R. Jimenez, V. Shah, S. Knappe, and J. Kitching, Improved Sensitivity of a Miniature Atomic Magnetometer by use of Magnetic Flux Concentrators, Proc. 2008 Europ. Magnetic Sensors and Actuators Confernce (EMSA).

M.P. Ledbetter, I.M. Savukov, D. Budker, V. Shah, S. Knappe, J. Kitching, S. Xu, D. Michalak, and A. Pines, Optical Microchip Detection of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Proc. 2008 Conf. Lasers and Electro-Optics.

K. Watabe, T. Ikegami, A. Takamizawa, S. Yanagimachi, S. Ohshima, S. Knappe, Dark Resonance in Bichromatic Linearly Polarized Optical Field on Cs D1 Line, Proc. 2008 Intl. Freq. Cont. Symp., 107-9

J. Kitching, S. Knappe, V. Shah, P.D. Schwindt, W.C. Griffith, R. Jimenez, J. Preusser, L.A. Liew, and J.M. Moreland, Microfabricated Atomic Magnetometers and Applications, Proc. 2007 IEEE Intl. Freq. Cont. Symp., 789-794.

2007



B. Lindseth, P.D. Schwindt, J. Kitching, D. Fischer, and V. Shusterman, Non-Contact Measurement of Cardiac Electromagnetic Field in Mice Using a Microfabricated Atomic Magnetometer, Proc. 2007 Conf. Computers in Cardiology 
  
S. Knappe, V. Gerginov, V. Shah, A. Brannon, H.G. Robinson, L. Hollberg, and J. Kitching, Long-term Stability of Chip-Scale Atomic Clock Physics Packages, SPIE Proc. 2007 Optics and Photonics (Photonics West).

A. Brannon, V. Gerginov, V. Shah, S. Knappe, Z. Popovic, L. Hollberg and J. Kitching, Self-Injection Locking of a Low-Power Microwave Oscillator by Using 4-Wave Mixing in an Atomic Vapor, Proc. 2007 International Frequency Control Symposium (FCS) and European Frequency and Tine Forum (EFTF), 275-278.

V. Shah, S. Knappe, L. Hollberg, J. Kitching, Generation of coherent population trapping resonances with nearly 100 % transmission contrast, Proc. 2007 International Frequency Control Symposium (FCS) and European Frequency and Tine Forum (EFTF), 1339-1341.

S. Knappe, V. Shah, A. Brannon, V. Gerginov, H.G. Robinson, Z. Popovic, L. Hollberg and J. Kitching, Advances in Chip-Scale Atomic Frequency References at NIST, Proc. 2007 SPIE Conf., 6673.

E. J. Eklund, A. M. Shkel, S. Knappe, E. Donley, J. Kitching, Spherical Rubidium Vapor Cells Fabricated by Micro Glass Blowing, Proc. IEEE MEMS 2007, pp. 171-174, Kobe, Japan, January 21-25, 2007.

2006

J. Kitching, S. Knappe, P. Schwindt, Y. Wang, H.G. Robinson, L. Hollberg, L. Liew, J.M. Moreland, A. Brannon, J. Breitbath, B. Lindseth, Z. Popovic, V. Shah, V. Gerginov, and M. Eardley, Chip-Scale Atomic Devices, 2006 Solid State Sensors, Actuators, and Microsystems Workshop.

V. Gerginov, V. Shah, S. Knappe, L. Hollberg, and J. Kitching, Atom-based stabilization for laser-pumped atomic clocks, Proc. 2006 European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF).

V. Shah, P.D. Schwindt, V. Gerginov, S. Knappe, L. Hollberg, and J. Kitching, Active light-shift stabilization in modulated CPT clocks, Proc. 2006 International Frequency Control Symposium (FCS).

S. Knappe, V. Shah, V. Gerginov, A. Brannon, L. Hollberg and J. Kitching, Long-term Stability of NIST Chip-Scale Atomic Clock Physics Package, Proc. 2006 Precise Time and Time Interval Meeting (PTTI).

A. Brannon, J. Breitbarth, Z. Popovic, V. Gerginov, V. Shah, S. Knappe, L. Hollberg, and J. Kitching, A Local Oscillaotr for Chip-Scale Atomic Clocks at NIST, Proc. 2006 International Frequency Control Symposium (FCS). 

S. Knappe, P.D. Schwindt, V. Gerginov, V. Shah, A. Brannon, B. Lindseth, L. Liew, H.G. Robinson, J.M. Moreland, Z. Popovic, L. Hollberg and J. Kitching, Chip scale atomic devices at NIST, Proc. 2006 International School of Quantum Electronics (ISQE).

V. Gerginov, S. Knappe, V. Shah, J. Kitching, and L. Hollberg, Laser noise cancellation in single-cell CPT clocks, Proc. 2006 International School of Quantum Electronics (ISQE).

A. Brannon, V. Gerginov, S. Knappe, J. Kitching, Z. Popovic, System-Level Integration of a Chip-Scale Atomic Clock: Microwave Oscillator and Physics Package, Proc. 2006 IEEE Multiconference on Electronics and Photonics.

2005

J. Kitching, S. Knappe, L. Liew, P. Schwindt, V. Shah, J.M. Moreland, L. Hollberg, Microfabricated Atomic Clock, Proc. 2005 IEEE International Conference Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS).


J. Kitching, S. Knappe, L. Liew, J. Moreland, H.G. Robinson, P. Schwindt, V. Shah, V. Gerginov, and L. Hollberg, Chip-Scale Atomic Frequency References: Fabrication and Performance, Proc. 2005 European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF).

S. Knappe, P. Schwindt, V. Gerginov, V. Shah, and H.G. Robinson, L. Hollberg, J. Kitching, Microfabricated Atomic Clocks and Magnetometers, Proc. 2005 International Conference on Laser Spectroscopy (ICOLS).

J. Kitching, S. Knappe, L. Liew, J. Moreland, H.G. Robinson, P. Schwindt, V. Shah, V. Gerginov, and L. Hollberg, Chip-Scale Atomic Clocks at NIST, Proc. 2005 National Conference of Standards Laboratories International (NCSLI).

V. Gerginov, S. Knappe, P. Schwindt, V. Shah, L. Liew, J.M. Moreland, H.G. Robinson, L. Hollberg, J. Kitching, A. Brannon, J. Breitbarth, and Z. Popovic, Component-Level Demonstration of a Microfabricated Atomic Frequency Reference, Proc. 2005 Joint Mtg. IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (FCS) and Precision Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Mtg.

J. Kitching, S. Knappe, L. Liew, P. Schwindt, V. Gerginov, V. Shah, J. Moreland, A. Brannon, J. Breitbarth, Z. Popovic, and L. Hollberg, Chip-Scale Atomic Frequency References, Proc. 2005 Institute Of Navigation Global Navigation Satellite Syaytems (ION GNSS) Mtg.

J. Moreland, J. Kitching, P. D. D. Schwindt, S. Knappe, L. Liew, V. Shah, V. Gerginov, Y.-J. Wang, and L. Hollberg, Chip-Scale Atomic Magnetometers, Meeting of the Military Sensing Symposia (MSS) Specialty Group on Battlefield Acoustic and Seismic Sensing, Magnetic and Electric Field Sensors (BAMS), Laurel, MD, 2005.

S. Knappe, P. Schwindt, L. Hollberg, J. Kitching, V. Shah and V. Gerginov, Performance of Chip-Scale Atomic Clocks, Proc. 2005 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS), 479-481.

P. Schwindt, S. Knappe, V. Shah, L. Hollberg, J. Kitching, L. Liew, and J. Moreland, Microfabricated Atomic Magnetometers, Proc. 2005 IEEE Sensors Conference, 73-76.

2004 

L. Liew, S. Knappe, J.M. Moreland, H.G. Robinson, L. Hollberg, and J. Kitching, Micromachined Alkali Atom Vapor Cells For Chip-Scale Atomic Clocks , Proc. 2004 International Conference Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS)

J. Kitching, S. Knappe, L. Liew, J. Moreland, H.G. Robinson, P. Schwindt, V. Shah and L. Hollberg, Microfabricated Atomic Frequency References, Proc. 2004 European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF).

S. Knappe, P. Schwindt, V. Shah, L. Hollberg, J. Kitching, L. Liew, and J. Moreland, Microfabricated Atomic Frequency References, Proc. 2004 IEEE UFFC Joint 50th Anniv. Conf.

J. Kitching, S. Knappe, L.-A. Liew, P. Schwindt, V. Shah, J. Moreland, and L. Hollberg, Power dissipation in a vertically-integrated chip-scale atomic clock,  Proc. 2004 IEEE UFFC Joint 50th Anniv. Conf.

S. Knappe, P. D. D. Schwindt, V. Gerginov, V. Shah, L. Hollberg, J. Kitching, L. Liew, J. Moreland, Microfabricated atomic clocks at NIST, Proc. 2004  Precision Time and Time Interval (PTTI) 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