CSAD References

Refereed Publications:

V. Gerginov, S. Knappe, P. D. D. Schwindt, V. Shah, L. Hollberg, and J. Kitching, "Long-term frequency instability of CPT clocks with microfabricated vapor cells," Accepted, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B.

S. Knappe, P. D. D. Schwindt, V. Gerginov, V. Shah, L. Liew, J. Moreland, H. G. Robinson, L. Hollberg, and J. Kitching, "Microfabricated Atomic Clocks and Magnetometers," Accepted, J. Phys. A.

P. D. D. Schwindt, L. Hollberg, and J. Kitching, "Self-oscillating Rb magnetometer using non-linear magneto-optic rotation," Rev. Sci. Instrum., 76, 126103, 2005.

S. Knappe, V. Gerginov, P. D. D. Schwindt, V. Shah, H. G. Robinson, L. Hollberg, and J. Kitching, "Atomic vapor cells for chip-scale atomic clocks with improved long-term frequency stability," Opt. Lett., 30, 2351, 2005.

J. Kitching, S. Knappe, L. Liew, J. Moreland, P. Schwindt, V. Shah, V. Gerginov, and L. Hollberg  "Microfabricated atomic frequency references," Metrologia, 42, S100, 2005.

J. Kitching, "An atomic clock on a microchip," The Horological Journal, 147, 54, 2005.

S. Knappe, P. Schwindt, V. Shah, L. Hollberg, J. Kitching, L. Liew, and J. Moreland, "A chip-scale atomic clock based on ⁸⁷Rb with improved frequency stability," Opt. Exp., 13, 1249, 2005.

D. Budker, L. Hollberg, D.F. Kimball, J. Kitching, S. Pustelny, and V.V. Yashchuk, "Microwave transitions and nonlinear magneto-optical rotation in anti-relaxation-coated cells," Phys. Rev. A, 71, 012903, 2005.

P. D. D. Schwindt, S. Knappe, V. Shah, L. Hollberg, J. Kitching, L. Liew and J. Moreland, "Chip-scale atomic magnetometer," Appl. Phys. Lett., 85, 6409, 2004.

S. Kargapoltsev, J. Kitching, L. Hollberg, A.V. Taichenachev, V.L. Velichanski, and V.I. Yudin, "High-contrast dark resonances in sigma(_+) -sigma(__) optical field," Laser Phys. Lett., 1, 495, 2004.

S. Knappe, L. Liew, V. Shah, P. Schwindt, J. Moreland, L. Hollberg and J. Kitching, "A microfabricated atomic clock," Appl. Phys. Lett., 85, 1460, 2004.

L. Liew, S. Knappe, J. Moreland, H. Robinson, L. Hollberg and J. Kitching, "Microfabricated alkali atom vapor cells," Appl. Phys. Lett., 84, 2694, 2003. 

S. Knappe, V. Velichansky, H.G. Robinson, J. Kitching, and L. Hollberg, "Compact atomic vapor cells fabricated by laser-induced heating of hollow-core glass fibers," Rev. Sci. Instrum., 74, 3142, 2003.

A.V. Taichenachev, V.I. Yudin, R. Wynands, M. Stahler, J. Kitching, and L. Hollberg, "Theory of dark resonances for alkali-metal vapors in a buffer-gas cell," Phys. Rev. A., 67, 033810, 2003.

J. Kitching, S. Knappe and L. Hollberg, "Miniature vapor-cell atomic frequency references," Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, 553, 2002.

M. Stahler, R. Wynands, S. Knappe, J. Kitching, L. Hollberg, A. Taichenachev, and V. Yudin, "Coherent population trapping resonances in a thermal ⁸⁵Rb vapor: D1 versus D2 excitation," Opt. Lett., 27, 1472, 2002.

J. Kitching, S. Knappe, R. Wynands and L. Hollberg, "Compact atomic clock based on coherent population trapping," Elec. Lett., 37, 1449, 2001.

S. Knappe, J. Kitching, L. Hollberg, and R. Wynands, "Temperature Dependence of Coherent Population Trapping Resonances," Appl. Phys. B., 74, 317, 2002.

S. Knappe, R. Wynands, J. Kitching, H.G. Robinson, and L. Hollberg, "Characterization of coherent population-trapping resonances as atomic frequency references," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B., 18, 1545, 2001.

J. Kitching, H.G. Robinson, L. Hollberg, S. Knappe, and R. Wynands, "Optical-pumping noise in laser-pumped, all-optical microwave frequency references," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B., 18, 1676, 2001.

J. Kitching, L. Hollberg, S. Knappe, and R. Wynands, "Frequency-dependent optical pumping effects in atomic L-systems systems," Opt. Lett., 26, 1507, 2001.

J. Kitching, S. Knappe, N. Vukicevic, L. Hollberg, R. Wynands, and W. Weidemann, "A microwave frequency reference based on VCSEL-driven dark line resonances in Cs vapor," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 49, 1313, 2000.

Conference Proceedings:

J. Kitching, S. Knappe, L. Liew, P. D. D. Schwindt, V. Gerginov, V. Shah, J. Moreland, A. Brannon, J. Breitbarth, Z. Popovic, and L. Hollberg, "Chip-Scale Atomic Frequency References," presented at ION-GNSS, Long Beach, CA, 2005.

J. Moreland, J. Kitching, P. D. D. Schwindt, S. Knappe, L. Liew, V. Shah, V. Gerginov, Y.-J. Wang, and L. Hollberg, "Chip-scale atomic magnetometers," presented at 2005 Meeting of the Military Sensing Symposia (MSS) Specialty Group on Battlefield Acoustic and Seismic Sensing, Magnetic and Electric Field Sensors (BAMS), Laurel, MD, 2005.

V. Gerginov, S. Knappe, P. D. D. Schwindt, V. Shah, L. Liew, J. Moreland, H. G. Robinson, L. Hollberg, J. Kitching, A. Brannon, J. Breitbarth, and Z. Popovic, "Component-Level Demonstration of a Microfabricated Atomic Frequency Reference," presented at Joint IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Systems and Applications Meeting, Vancouver, Canada, 2005.

S. Knappe, P. D. D. Schwindt, V. Gerginov, V. Shah, H. G. Robinson, L. Hollberg, and J. Kitching, "Microfabricated Atomic Clocks and Magnetometers," presented at International Conference on Laser Spectroscopy, Cairngorms National Park, Scotland 2005.

J. Kitching, S. Knappe, L. Liew, J. Moreland, H. G. Robinson, P. D. D. Schwindt, V. Shah, and L. Hollberg, "Microfabricated atomic clocks," presented at 18th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, Miami, FL, 2005.

J. Kitching, S. Knappe, L. Liew, J. Moreland, H. G. Robinson, P. D. D. Schwindt, V. Shah, V. Gerginov, and L. Hollberg, "Chip-scale atomic clocks at NIST," presented at Proc. Nat. Conf. Stand. Lab. Int. (NCSLI), Washington, DC, 2005.

J. Kitching, S. Knappe, L. Liew, J. Moreland, H. G. Robinson, P. D. D. Schwindt, V. Shah, V. Gerginov, and L. Hollberg, "Chip-Scale Atomic Frequency References: Fabrication and Performance," presented at Proceedings of the European Frequency and Time Forum, Besancon, France, 2005.

S. Knappe, P. Schwindt, V. Shah, L. Hollberg, J. Kitching, L. Liew and J. Moreland, "Microfabricated atomic frequency references," Proceedings of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium, Aug. 24-27, 2004, Montreal, Canada.

J. Kitching, S. Knappe, P. D. D. Schwindt, V. Shah, L. Hollberg, L. Liew, and J. Moreland, "Power dissipation in a vertically integrated chip-scale atomic clock," Proceedings of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium, Aug. 24-27, 2004, Montreal, Canada.

J. Kitching, S. Knappe, L. Liew, J. Moreland, H.G. Robinson, P. Schwindt, V. Shah, and L. Hollberg, "Microfabricated atomic frequency references," Proc. 2004 EFTF Conf., 6, 2004.

L. Liew, S. Knappe, J.M. Moreland, H.G. Robinson, L. Hollberg, and J. Kitching, "Micromachined Alkali Atom Vapor Cells For Chip-Scale Atomic Clocks," Proc. MEMS 2004, 113, 2004.

S. Knappe, V. Velichansky, H.G. Robinson, L. Liew, J. Moreland, J. Kitching, and L. Hollberg, "Atomic Vapor Cells for Miniature Frequency References," Proc. 2003 Joint Mtg. IEEE Intl. Freq. Cont. Symp. and EFTF Conf., pp.31, 2003.

J. Kitching, S. Knappe, and L. Hollberg, "Performance of Small Scale-Frequency References," Proc. 2002 IEEE Intl. Freq. Cont. Symp., pp. 442, 2002.

J. Kitching, H.G. Robinson, L. Hollberg, S. Knappe, and R. Wynands, "Compact Microwave Frequency Reference Based on Coherent Population Trapping," Proc. 2001 Freq. Stand. Metrology Symp., pp. 167, 2001.

Other useful references:

D. Sullivan, D. Allan, D. Howe and F. Walls, eds., Characterization of clocks and oscillators, NIST Technical Note 1337, March, 1990. [File size: 23.3 MB]

L. Hollberg, R. Fox, S. Waltman and H. Robinson, eds., Precision spectroscopy, diode lasers and optical frequency measurement technology, NIST Technical Note 1504, May 1998. [File size: 33.4 MB]